Summary A growing body of research, including that from the first AVOID programme, has shown that the probability of being able to limit future global warming to levels such as 1.5°C or 2°C above pre-industrial times is strongly dependent on the implementation of, so called, negative emissions technologies. Here, the basic idea is that greenhouse …
Read moreWork Package D: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
Summary About half of the carbon dioxide so far released into the atmosphere has been absorbed by the terrestrial biosphere and oceans. This carbon is then said to be have been stored in ‘sinks’. This work focuses on the scientific review and assessment of the state of knowledge on greenhouse gas emissions and sinks. When …
Read moreWork Package E: Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)
by Dan Bernie, Met Office In late 2014 AVOID 2 was asked to perform some calculations for a project on risk for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the UK Government. These looked at the future temperature response and the impact of additional earth system processes, such as permafrost thawing. Earlier this year I joined …
The past decade have witnessed a rise in EV sales like never before. With Tesla leading the forefront in electric vehicle innovation and production, many UK And German Companies are also starting to follow the foot steps. Practically, it can save you considerable fuel cash depending on where you live. And now, a research paper …
Read moreCarbon emissions would drop by 12% in UK, If we Go all electric – Study Suggests
Understanding the link between emissions pathway and climate response for a range of temperature limits. Summary The main human influence on the climate comes from the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The global debate on mitigation of climate change focuses on the level of …
Read moreWork Package A: Emission scenarios and climate change
This report presents an assessment of global and regional impacts of climate change under six different levels of climate forcing and five plausible socio-economic scenarios which define population exposure to this change. Four of the climate forcings are based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and produce median estimates of increase in temperature in 2100 above …
In recent years, there has been considerable global and regional interest in shale gas, which it has been suggested could play a role as a bridging fuel to a low-carbon future, and which has led to a huge increase in indigenous gas production in the US. There remains, however, considerable uncertainty over shale gas resource availability …
Read moreThe impact of shale gas on the cost and feasibility of meeting climate targets (C6)
This study has three purposes: The first is to confirm the suitability of the simple climate model used within AVOID. We find that our simple model approach does provide a robust replication of more complex climate models. This provides added confidence for other AVOID 2 climate simulations. The second purpose is to examine the climate …
Read moreRegionalisation of scenarios at new forcing levels (A4)
The objective of this AVOID project was to provide a scientific review and assessment of the state of knowledge relating to terrestrial carbon sinks. The project builds on the work of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5) to explore: 1) how much carbon is stored in terrestrial ecosystems and soils and how vulnerable that carbon is …
Read moreGreenhouse gas emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) (E1)
“Blue carbon” is defined as the carbon stored, sequestered or released from coastal ecosystems of tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. A great deal of effort has gone into developing a policy framework around avoiding emissions from deforestation and degradation in tropical forests (REDD/REDD+). However, marine vegetated habitats are significant carbon sinks that are being …
Read moreLiterature review of the potential of “blue carbon” activities to reduce emissions (E2)